网页很多时候是动态的,于是本篇文章目标实现一个简答的动态页面—页静态页面互相跳转,点击可以跳转到子页面。
Demo下载地址链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bbhcu1XTiaJRYGRQRG5a0g?pwd=1234
HTML基本页面交换上一篇的“Hello World”应用程序确实输出了简单的纯文本。但网络的语言是HTML。因此,让看看如何生成HTML。将输出当前时间,并显示列表对象中的一些数据。
【资料图】
与第一个HelloWorldController类似,创建另一个名为ListDataController的新类。
listdatacontroller.h:#ifndef LISTDATACONTROLLER_H#define LISTDATACONTROLLER_H#include #include #include "httprequesthandler.h"using namespace stefanfrings;class ListDataController: public HttpRequestHandler { Q_OBJECTpublic: ListDataController(QObject* parent=0); void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response);private: QList list;};#endif // LISTDATACONTROLLER_H
listdatacontroller.cpp:#include #include "listdatacontroller.h"ListDataController::ListDataController(QObject* parent) : HttpRequestHandler(parent) { list.append("Robert"); list.append("Lisa"); list.append("Hannah"); list.append("Ludwig"); list.append("Miranda"); list.append("Francesco"); list.append("Kim"); list.append("Jacko");}void ListDataController::service(HttpRequest &request, HttpResponse &response) { response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8"); response.write(""); response.write("The time is "); QString now=QTime::currentTime().toString("HH:mm:ss"); response.write(now.toUtf8()); response.write("List of names:"); response.write("
"); for(int i=0; i"); response.write(number.toUtf8()); response.write(" "); response.write(name.toUtf8()); response.write(" "); } response.write("
"); response.write("",true);}
构造函数用一些名称填充列表。该服务方法输出一个具有当前时间的HTML文档和一个显示列表对象内容的表。 请注意,在编写文档之前设置了一个HTTP响应头,它告诉浏览器使用的文件格式(请参阅Internet Media Types)和字符编码。 用新的控制器替换main.cpp中的控制器:
#include "listdatacontroller.h" new HttpListener(listenerSettings,new ListDataController(&app),&app);
运行并测试应用程序。输出应该是这样的:
请求映射器现在在应用程序中有两个不同的控制器类,但一次只能使用一个。现在创建一个“RequestMapper”类,它将在两个控制器之间切换。和以前一样,新类再次从HttpRequestHandler继承。
requestmapper.h:#ifndef REQUESTMAPPER_H#define REQUESTMAPPER_H#include "httprequesthandler.h"using namespace stefanfrings;class RequestMapper : public HttpRequestHandler { Q_OBJECTpublic: RequestMapper(QObject* parent=0); void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response);};#endif // REQUESTMAPPER_H
requestmapper.cpp:#include "requestmapper.h"#include "helloworldcontroller.h"#include "listdatacontroller.h"RequestMapper::RequestMapper(QObject* parent) : HttpRequestHandler(parent) { // empty}void RequestMapper::service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response) { QByteArray path=request.getPath(); qDebug("RequestMapper: path=%s",path.data()); if (path=="/" || path=="/hello") { HelloWorldController().service(request, response); } else if (path=="/list") { ListDataController().service(request, response); } else { response.setStatus(404,"Not found"); response.write("The URL is wrong, no such document.",true); } qDebug("RequestMapper: finished request");}
用新的请求映射程序替换main.cpp中的旧控制器:
#include "requestmapper.h" new HttpListener(listenerSettings,new RequestMapper(&app),&app);
请求映射器根据请求的路径调用两个控制器中的一个。所以
当打开http://localhost:8080/或http://localhost:8080/hello,会看到“Hello World”页面。当打开http://localhost:8080/list,获得姓名列表。例如,如果试图打开任何错误的URLhttp://localhost:8080/lalala,然后会收到错误消息“URL错误…”以及状态代码404,这是“未找到”的技术值。一些程序使用它来处理错误。如果没有设置状态代码,那么将使用默认的200,这意味着“成功”。请参阅维基百科中的HTTP状态代码列表。如果多个并发HTTP请求同时传入,那么service()方法将并行执行多次。所以这个方法是多线程的。当访问在service()方法外部声明的变量时,必须考虑这一点。 请求映射器是“singleton”或处于“application scope”,因为它只有一个实例。两个控制器类(HelloWorldController和ListDataController)位于“请求范围”中,这意味着每个请求都由该类的新实例处理。这会降低一些性能,但会稍微简化编程。
一个接口对一个控制器优化效率一个小的修改将两个控制器类的范围更改为“应用程序范围”。(PS:这个就是每次运行的时候,不是去新new)
new requestmapper.h#ifndef REQUESTMAPPER_H#define REQUESTMAPPER_H#include "httprequesthandler.h"#include "helloworldcontroller.h"#include "listdatacontroller.h"using namespace stefanfrings;class RequestMapper : public HttpRequestHandler { Q_OBJECTpublic: RequestMapper(QObject* parent=0); void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response);private: HelloWorldController helloWorldController; ListDataController listDataController;};#endif // REQUESTMAPPER_H
new requestmapper.cpp#include "requestmapper.h"RequestMapper::RequestMapper(QObject* parent) : HttpRequestHandler(parent) { // empty}void RequestMapper::service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response) { QByteArray path=request.getPath(); qDebug("RequestMapper: path=%s",path.data()); if (path=="/" || path=="/hello") { helloWorldController.service(request, response); } else if (path=="/list") { listDataController.service(request, response); } else { response.setStatus(404,"Not found"); response.write("The URL is wrong, no such document."); } qDebug("RequestMapper: finished request");}
现在,每个请求都只重新使用一个HelloWorldController或ListDataController实例。在启动期间只创建一次,因为HttpRequestMapper也只存在一次。 使用会话后,还可以为每个会话创建控制器实例,并将它们存储在会话存储中。然后就有了一个“会话范围”。会话将在后面进行解释。
请求映射程序项目按照上面得,实际上就是刚开始出一个列表,/和/hello会出现helloworld,而/list则会返回list列表,这是直接通过url后得子网页来切换(PS:并不是通过点击主页面来切换,这个后面会解说到)。
Web页面跳转触发其实这个对于做网页得很简单,就是一个点击超连接,只是跳转到内部,使用来实现的。
Demo增量:实战页面跳转步骤一:准备代码模板准备之前的demo模板:
步骤二:新建一个主入口的消息处理copy原来的helloworld改成index(PS:不管又不有index,直接网站也是跳入index.html页面)。 修改完类相关信息。
步骤三:网页代码中入口切换// 启动http的监听 { if(!_pHttpListenerSettings) { _pHttpListenerSettings = new QSettings(httpServerPath, QSettings::IniFormat); } _pHttpListenerSettings->beginGroup("listener");// _pHttpListener = new HttpListener(_pHttpListenerSettings, new HelloWorldRequestHandler); _pHttpListener = new HttpListener(_pHttpListenerSettings, new IndexRequestHandler); }
步骤四:写一个简单html跳转页面index.html 长沙红胖子Qt 好, 长沙红胖子 QQ:21497936 www.hpzwl.com"
list.html 长沙红胖子Qt 返回上一页 row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2
步骤五:修改index.html的消息处理类这里有个乱码问题,请查看“入坑一”:
void IndexRequestHandler::service(HttpRequest &request, HttpResponse &response){ QString str; QString path = request.getPath(); LOG << path; if(path == "/" || path == "/index") { str += "" "" "" "" "" "" "长沙红胖子Qt " "" "" " 好, 长沙红胖子 QQ:21497936 www.hpzwl.com
" " " " " ""; }else if(path == "/helloworld") { helloWorldRequestHandler.service(request, response); return; }else if(path == "/list") { listRequestHandler.service(request, response); return; }else { response.setStatus(404,"Not found"); str = "The URL is wrong, no such document."; } // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码)// QByteArray byteArray = _pTextCodec->fromUnicode(str); QByteArray byteArray = str.toUtf8(); response.write(byteArray);}
步骤六:新建一个list.html修改消息处理类修改好宏类名,然后嵌入list.html页面:
void ListRequestHandler::service(HttpRequest &request, HttpResponse &response){ QString str; LOG << request.getPath(); str = "" "" "" "" "" "" "长沙红胖子Qt " "" "" "返回上一页" "" " " " row 1, cell 1 " " row 1, cell 2 " " " " " " row 2, cell 1 " " row 2, cell 2 " " " "
" ""; // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码)// QByteArray byteArray = _pTextCodec->fromUnicode(str); QByteArray byteArray = str.toUtf8(); response.write(byteArray);}
Demo源码IndexRequestHandler.h#ifndef INDEXREQUESTHANDLER_H#define INDEXREQUESTHANDLER_H#include "httprequesthandler.h"#include "HelloWorldRequestHandler.h"#include "ListRequestHandler.h"using namespace stefanfrings;class IndexRequestHandler : public HttpRequestHandler{public: IndexRequestHandler(QObject *parent = 0);public: void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response);private: QTextCodec *_pTextCodec;private: HelloWorldRequestHandler helloWorldRequestHandler; // hellowold消息处理 ListRequestHandler listRequestHandler; // list消息处理};#endif // INDEXREQUESTHANDLER_H
IndexRequestHandler.cpp#include "IndexRequestHandler.h"#include "ListRequestHandler.h"#include #include #include //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__//#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<__FUNCTION__//#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<" "" "" "" "" "" "长沙红胖子Qt " "" "" " 好, 长沙红胖子 QQ:21497936 www.hpzwl.com
" " " " " ""; }else if(path == "/helloworld") { helloWorldRequestHandler.service(request, response); return; }else if(path == "/list") { listRequestHandler.service(request, response); return; }else { response.setStatus(404,"Not found"); str = "The URL is wrong, no such document."; } // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码)// QByteArray byteArray = _pTextCodec->fromUnicode(str); QByteArray byteArray = str.toUtf8(); response.write(byteArray);}
ListRequestHandler.h#ifndef LISTREQUESTHANDLER_H#define LISTREQUESTHANDLER_H#include "httprequesthandler.h"using namespace stefanfrings;class ListRequestHandler : public HttpRequestHandler{public: ListRequestHandler(QObject *parent = 0);public: void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response);private: QTextCodec *_pTextCodec;};#endif // LISTREQUESTHANDLER_H
ListRequestHandler.cpp#include "ListRequestHandler.h"#include #include #include //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__//#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<__FUNCTION__//#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<" "" "" "" "" "长沙红胖子Qt " "" "" "返回上一页" "" " " " row 1, cell 1 " " row 1, cell 2 " " " " " " row 2, cell 1 " " row 2, cell 2 " " " "
" ""; // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码)// QByteArray byteArray = _pTextCodec->fromUnicode(str); QByteArray byteArray = str.toUtf8(); response.write(byteArray);}
工程模板v1.2.0入坑入坑一:编码问题乱码问题乱码
原因之前的网页没有编码,直接转换的,新建的页面有编码,标识了utf-8,所以无需转码gbk了。
解决当表示好页面的编码未utf-8之后,则无需字符转换编码。